Cell & Gene Therapy
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Anne Lodge, PhD
Ask A Scientist: Proteoglycans vs. Glycoproteins
The extracellular matrix is a complex combination of non-cellular materials that support biochemical and biomechanical processes in the tissues and organs. Among the components of the extracellular mix are two distinct types of biomolecules: proteoglycans and glycoproteins.
Immunology researchers are primarily interested in these biomolecules due to their role in the human tissue processes and immune system function. For example, scientists have researched the effects of proteoglycans and glycoproteins on wound healing, liver cancer, viral pathogens, and many other areas.
Measuring Proteoglycans
Detecting proteoglycan in your tissue samples is a two-part process. First, properly prepare your tissue samples using an optimized assay buffer. Next, measure sulfated glycosaminoglycans with a simple colorimetric readout.
The Differences Between Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins
Learn more about the differences between proteoglycans and glycoproteins in the table below.
| Proteoglycans | Glycoproteins | |
|---|---|---|
| Structure | Core protein covalently attached to one or more glycosaminoglycan chains | Oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to proteins |
| Location | Connective tissues | Cell surface |
| Function | Combine with collagen to form cartilage, modulation of cellular development | Cell-to-cell recognition and signaling |
| Carbohydrate Content | 50–60% | 10–15% |
| Charge | Carbohydrate chains of proteoglycans are negatively charged | Carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins may or may not be negatively charged |
| Significance | The water associated with proteoglycans provides the cushion function of cartilage. The inability to sufficiently break down proteoglycans is linked to several genetic disorders and leads to other disease symptoms. | Carbohydrate modifications are essential to proper functioning of proteins. Changes in glycosylation patterns are common in cancer cells. Carbohydrates can also affect the performance of therapeutic antibodies. |
| Types | Chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, others | Collagens, mucins, transferrin, immunoglobulins, others |
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